Cairncross, Sir A. Introduction.--Recent trends in economic thought on underdeveloped countries.--Keynesian models of economic development and their limitations.--The distribution of gains between investing and borrowing countries.--The distribution of gains revisited.--Dualism revisited.--Trade liberalization and economic development.--Some problems of international aid.--Employment problems in developing countries.--International policy and its effect on employment.--Unemployment in an African setting.--Income distribution and population growth.--Science and technology for the development of poorer countries.--Multinational corporations and technology transfer.