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보고서

Saving electricity in a hurry

단체저자
OECD/IEA | OECD | IEA
발행사항
Paris OECD/IEA 2005
형태사항
127 p ill 23 cm
목차
Table of contents: Executive Summary 1. Who Needs This Book and When? -What Kinds of Shortfalls are Covered in this Book? -Developing Countries and Saving Energy in a Hurry -Security Applications of Saving Energy in a Hurry 2. Vignettes of Power Shortfalls -Introduction to the Vignettes -A Transformer Fire in Arizona -Drought in Brazil -California's "Perfect Storm" -Europe's Hot Summer -New Zealand's Three Electricity Crises -Norway's Drought and Early, Cold Winter -Ontario Recovers from a Blackout -A Flood-Damaged Power Plant at Presque Isle -A Cold Monday in Sweden -Nuclear Plants Shut Down in Tokyo -Vignettes Conclusions 3. A Strategy to Save Electricity Quickly -Identify the Kind of Electricity Shortfall -Estimate the Probable Duration of the Shortfall -Establish a Breakdown of Energy Consumption by End-Use During the Shortfall Period -Can Electricity Prices Rise Quickly and for Whom? -Develop a Ranked List of Measures -The Next Steps -The Final Step: The End of the Shortfall -Saving Electricity Slowly -Summary of Strategies 4. Measures to Save Electricity Quickly -Operational Changes: "Switch it Off!" -Operational Changes to Save Electricity in the Residential Sector -Operational Changes in Commercial Buildings -Operational Changes in Industry and Other Sectors -Technical Fixes -Retrofits to Existing Equipment -Energy-Saving Traffic Signals -Fuel Switching -Daylight Savings Time -Folklore "Conservation" Measures that Don't Save Much 5. Mobilising Consumers to Save Electricity -Introduction -The Key Role of Mass Media -Three Media Campaigns in Brazil, New Zealand, and California -Explaining the Electricity Shortfall to Consumers -Linking Consumer Actions to Solving the Shortfall -When Consumers Take Actions -Mass Media Campaigns Have an Impact, But It is Hard to Measure -Real-Time Information about System Status -After the Shortage Ends: the Transition to Normalcy -The Next Shortage -Many Levels of Impact Evaluation -Conclusions on Mobilising 6. Higher Electricity Prices as a Tool to Reduce Demand Quickly -Summary of Electricity Price Changes during Shortfall -Is Demand Response Sufficient during a Major Shortfall? -Prices Based on Long-Term Contracts -Conclusions 7. Conclusions -Looking Back -Loose Ends -Summing Up