Table of contents: Foreword Executive Summary 1. Introduction -World War II and the Post-War Period -From 1980 to the Present -Reasons for Government Intervention -Reasons for Reviewing the Government Role in Nuclear Energy 2. Government Involvement in Electricity Production and Supply -Traditional Electricity Utilities -Pressures and Responses -Requirements for Deregulated Markets -Implications of Competitive Electricity Markets for Nuclear Energy -Where You Stand Depends on Where You Sit --A. Classification by Nuclear Energy Programmes --B. Classification by Electricity Market and Utility Ownership --C. Competition, Ownership, and Performance -Market Challenges: The United Kingdom -Market Challenges: Ontario 3. Areas of Government Intervention in Nuclear Energy -Nuclear Fuel Production and Supply -Plant Construction and Operation for Electricity Generation -Transport -Decommissioning Facilities and Radioactive Waste Disposal -Regulation of Safety, Security, and Health and Environmental Protection -Nuclear Research and Development -Civil Nuclear Liability -Non-Proliferation and Physical Protection -Public Information and Communication 4. Institutions and Policy Instruments 5. The New Context and the Role of Governments -New Context -Energy Policy Framework -Electricity Market Framework -Nuclear Energy Policy Framework -Regulatory Framework 6. Conclusions