After a decade of biofuel policies contributing to global deforestation, the EU began shifting toward waste-based alternatives like used cooking oil, animal fats, but also palm products, and residues. However, the increasing reliance on these so-called waste materials has raised concerns, particularly over questionable imports. In this report, T&E examines the latest trends in the use of certain palm residues in EU biofuels - Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME). Data indicate that more palm oil residues are being reported than is actually possible, suggesting a high likelihood of fraud.