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2025-01-16

KEEI Library This Week (2025.01.10.-01.16.)

자료와 공유
V.16 N.3 (2025.01.16.)
OECD Economic Surveys: Chile 2025 Macroeconomic imbalances built during the pandemic have largely resolved. The Chilean economy has returned to its trend growth and inflation has fallen thanks to adequate macroeconomic policies. Ensuring fiscal sustainability should remain a priority to maintain public debt below the debt ceiling and address growing spending needs associated with the green and digital transitions, and an ageing population. Chile’s potential growth has weakened and increasing it will depend on its ability to remove structural barriers to lift productivity. Expanding access to high-quality childcare and elderly care and reducing education gender gaps can help unlock Chile’s full labour force potential and impr 2025.01
OECD/ECO
Energy Policy Review - The Netherlands 2024 This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of The Netherlands and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA member countries to assess The Netherlands’ most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where The Netherlands’ leadership can serve as |an example in promoting secure clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable clean energy future. 2025.01
OECD/IEA
The Path to a New Era for Nuclear Energy The Path to a New Era for Nuclear Energy is a new report by the International Energy Agency that looks at the opportunities for nuclear energy to address energy security and climate concerns – and at critical elements needed to pursue these opportunities, including policies, innovation and financing. Nuclear energy is a well-established technology that has provided electricity and heat to consumers for well over 50 years but has faced a number of challenges in recent years. However, nuclear energy is making a strong comeback, with rising investment, new technology advances and supportive policies in over 40 countries. Electricity demand is projected to grow strongly over the next decades, in 2025.01
OECD/IEA
Follow-Up Peer Review on Energy Efficiency in Chile The APEC Peer Review on Energy Efficiency (PREE) responds to the declaration at the 9th APEC Energy Ministers Meeting (EMM9) in Fukui, Japan to promote the energy efficiency of the APEC member economies and meet the APEC's aggregate energy intensity reduction goal of 45% by 2035. PREE Phase 13 has two parts. The first part is the Energy Efficiency Policy (EEP) Workshop and the second part is the Follow-up PREE (FuPREE), which is designed to assist a former PREE host economy in implementing the recommendations of the PREE review team. The FuPREE in Chile was held from 6-10 May 2024. It was a 5-day workshop with a comprehensive discussion on energy efficiency with representatives and experts f 2025.01
APEC
Workshop Summary Report - APEC Workshop on Promoting Digital Transformation for Energy Efficiency It is estimated that more than 1 billion households and 11 billion smart appliances could participate in interconnected electricity systems by 2040, which would contribute to reducing energy use by 10% by using real-time data to improve operational efficiency, avoiding USD 270 billion of investment in new electricity infrastructure (IEA). In supply, digital transformation significantly affect how energy is produced – “from smart oil fields to interconnected grids, and increasingly, renewable power. Digital technologies could help integrate higher shares of variable renewables into the grid by better matching energy demand to solar and wind supplies. On the other hand, digital transformation 2025.01
APEC
Review Report - Biomass Energy from Agriculture Wastes in APEC Region The Review Report on Biomass Energy from Agricultural Wastes (BAW) in the APEC region has been conducted from April to December 2024. Information used in the Report is primarily derived from available sources such as FAO statistical yearbooks, economies’ reports, information from energy data systems, documents from domestic and international workshops, and results from scientific research published in journals. Additional information was collected through electronic surveys / questionnaires with APEC member economies, particularly from the Workshop on Biomass Energy Promotion for Inclusive and Sustainable Agriculture Development in APEC Region was organized in hybrid manner in Ha Noi, Viet N 2025.01
APEC
Fusion Energy - Additional Planning Would Strengthen DOE's Efforts to Facilitate Commercialization The Department of Energy (DOE), led by the Office of Science's Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) program, has taken steps to facilitate fusion energy commercialization through public-private partnerships. These efforts represented about 1.2 percent (about $36 million) of FES's total funding obligations on average during fiscal years 2020 through 2023. The rest of FES's funding obligations (about 98.8 percent on average, or about $740.8 million) went to efforts to study, among other things, the science of plasma, collaborate internationally, and maintain facilities. DOE officials indicated that the relatively limited scale of investment in initiatives to facilitate commercialization largely reflec 2025.01
GAO
Methodology for the calculation of the CO2 savings from the implementation of mobile air-conditioning technology as eco-innovation in M1 vehicles Mobile air-conditioning (MAC) systems represent a significant source of energy consumption in passenger vehicles, particularly under real-world operating conditions. Improving the efficiency of these systems is crucial for enhancing overall energy performance while ensuring occupant comfort. Efficient MAC systems may qualify as eco-innovative technologies under Regulation (EU) 2019/631, effective from 2025. This study establishes a methodology for quantifying CO₂ savings associated with eco-innovative MAC systems in passenger vehicles. The approach compares CO₂ emissions from baseline and eco-innovative vehicles with both active and inactive MAC systems. Ambient conditions derived from exist 2025.01
European Commission
Circular economy strategies for the EU's renewable electricity supply Circular Economy Strategies for the EU's Renewable Electricity is a Joint Research Centre (JRC) exploratory study that provides a new perspective and new evidence on waste streams emerging from the transition to renewable electricity in the EU. 2025.01
European Commission
The employment impact of the coal transition in EU regions The EU’s commitment to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels affects the employment of certain economic activities, such as the coal based industries and other upstream activities in EU territories. 2025.01
European Commission
Shocked: Electricity Price Volatility Spillovers in Europe European electricity markets are in the midst of unprecedented changes—caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the rise of renewable sources of energy. Using high-frequency data, this paper investigates volatility spillovers across 24 countries in the European Union (EU) during the period 2014–2024 to provide a better understanding of the transmission of risks in an international context. We develop both a static and a dynamic assessment of spillover effects and directional decomposition between individual countries. Our main findings show that about 73 percent of the forecast error variation is explained by cross-variance shares, which means only 27 percent can be attributed to shocks wi 2025.01
IMF
Planning and prospects for renewable power: Central Africa The report includes an introduction to key characteristics of the regional power sector landscape, and a consolidated regional analysis of potential scenarios for long-term power sector development in the region. In doing so, it partially documents the inputs and outputs of the SPLAT-Africa model that were elaborated by participants in the IRENA-CAPP programme, and provides a foundation of transparent power sector data for local stakeholders. As the region embarks on the development of its first official regional power sector masterplan, the capacity built by the IRENA-CAPP programme and this report are both considered essential inputs. The study shows that despite a urgent need for investme 2025.01
IRENA
Electrification with renewables: Enhancing healthcare delivery in Mozambique Mozambique faces significant health challenges, including high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality, communicable diseases and malnutrition. Frequent extreme weather events, such as cyclones, floods and droughts, exacerbate these issues and increase the risk of disease. The Ministry of Health’s strategic plans emphasise the need to decentralise services, improve maternal and child health, and expand vaccination programs. However, these goals are hindered by limited energy access and climatic events that frequently damage infrastructure and disrupt service delivery. Decentralised renewable energy (DRE) solutions offer a reliable, modern and cost-effective solution to address these challen 2025.01
IRENA
SIDS Lighthouses Initiative: Progress and way forward The SIDS Lighthouses Initiative: Progress and way forward report highlights the significant progress achieved in the energy transition among Small Island Developing States in 2023-2024. Key efforts in the period focussed on: supporting SIDS in implementing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement; promoting diverse renewable energy sources; expanding beyond power generation to other sectors; and fostering bankable projects with stronger private sector engagement. The report also highlights progress achieved in institutional capacity-building, as well as in enhancing synergies between renewables and energy efficiency, and linking energy efforts to key sectors like agr 2025.01
IRENA
Charging Uncertainty: Real-Time Charging Data and Electric Vehicle Adoption Charging infrastructure is critical to electric vehicle (EV) adoption, but for chargers to be most useful, EV drivers need to know in real time where they are and whether they are working and available. We investigate the availability of real-time data from DC fast chargers on six major US Interstates and model the impacts of expanding access to real-time data to all DC fast chargers near highways. On average, between March and August 2024, 32.9% of DC fast charging stations adjacent to those six Interstates provided their real-time status on PlugShare, a major charge-finding app, with gaps of up to 1,308 miles without real-time data. Further, we survey potential car buyers and EV owners and 2025.01
NBER
OPEC+ in 2025: Navigating an uncertain environment Following the latest OPEC+ decision and assuming full compliance, our model projects a fairly balanced oil market in 2025. But as 2024 has shown, the uncertainty around oil market balances is wide due to both demand and supply factors, with unpredictable geopolitical drivers set to rise in 2025. And rather than price level or market share considerations, it is full compliance and compensation for historical overproduction that will remain the key focus for OPEC+ in 2025 and 2026. These criteria are essential for the group’s cohesion and for the agreement to have its desired effects on market balances and shaping market expectations. Achieving these criteria will also provide OPEC+ with more 2025.01
OIES
온실가스배출권거래제 개편에 따른 주요 산업의 영향과 대응방향 한국은 지난 3년간 국제사회의 탄소중립 추진 기조에 대응하여 도전적인 온실가스 감축목표를 수립 및 국제사회에 공표 · 우리나라의 산업구조, 배출정점 이후 탄소중립까지 짧은 기간 등을 고려할 때, 쉽지 않은 목표로 정부의 강력한 정책의지가 반영된 결과 · 2024년부터는 국가 탄소중립 정책이 목표 수립 중심에서 실천을 위한 세부 이행 전략에 보다 집중될 것으로 예상총배출량에서 차지하는 온실가스 배출 비중이 높고 난감축 분야인 산업부문에 대한 관련 규제(배출권거래제)가 강화될 가능성 · 배출권거래제 4기에서는 2030 NDC 로드맵이 반영됨에 따라 배출허용총량이 축소될 예정 · 산업부문 2030년 감축목표 (2018년 대비 11.4%) 달성을 위한 주요 수단으로 유상할당 비율 상향, 적용 대상 확대 등의 배출권 할당방식의 개선이 주요 정책과제에 포함 · 2026년 K-ETS 4기 시작에 대비하여 배출권거래제 기본계획은 2024년 말, 배출권 할당계획은 2025년 중순까지 마련되어야 함. · 온실가스 배출권거래제도의 개편, 특히 유무상 할당 정책의 변화는 필히 온실가스 다배출 소재산업과 이에 연관된 대다수 제조업종에 상당한 파급 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상 2025.01
산업연구원
최근 배터리 업황 긴급 진단: 부진 원인과 향후 전망을 중심으로 최근 배터리 업황 악화에 대한 우려가 큼. 배터리 총수요의 70~80%를 차지하는 전기차 부문의 성장 둔화 때문임. 특히 배터리 업황과 직결된 순수전기차(BEV)는 유럽 시장은 이미 역(逆)성장세(-2.2%, 2024년 상반기)에 돌입했고, 미국도 2024년 상반기 들어 증가율이 크게 감소(2023년 54%→2024년 상반기 4%)했음. 배터리 기업 실적도 올해 들어 악화됐는데 전기차 성장 둔화와 더불어 원재료(광물) 가격 급락에 따른 판가 인하도 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 분석됨. 향후 배터리 업황 전망은 탄소배출 규제 강화에 따른 유럽 내 수요 개선, 핵심 광물 가격 안정화 등이 긍정 요인으로 꼽히나, 최대 리스크는 미국 신(新)정부의 배터리 정책 변화 가능성임. 만약 트럼프 당선인 공언대로 IRA 세액공제가 철폐 또는 축소된다면 한국 배터리산업의 성장 버팀목으로 부상 중인 미국 시장의 배터리 수요가 감소하고 IRA 기대이익 상실로 한국 기업 실적도 부정적 영향을 받을 전망임. 다만 중장기적으로 볼 때 배터리가 미래 산업 패러다임을 견인할 것으로 예상되는 전동화, 탈탄소화, 디지털 전환 구현을 위한 핵심 기술인 만큼 구조적 성장세를 이어나갈 것으로 예상됨. 본고에서 제안하는 정책적 대응 전략은 크게 두 가지임. 첫째, 한국의 대미 투자 성과, 탈중국 공급망 구축 노력 등을 강조하며 향후 미국의 배터리 정책이 우리에게 유리하게 결정될 2025.01
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