As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for development of large research infrastructures in China. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment.

Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation’s highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government’s decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China’s high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas

This book details the strategy, deployment, layout and phased objectives of national, large research infrastructures in China by 2050. It offers in-depth analysis of the main directions in such key fields as nuclear energy, astronomy and life science.

1. Large Research Infrastructures and National Innovation System 1.1 Definition of National Large Research Infrastructures 1.2 Position and Role of Large Research Infrastructures in the Development of the Country 1.3 Development Trend of Large Research Infrastructures 1.4 The Current Situation and Tasks of Large Research Infrastructures in China 2. Macro Thought on the Development of China's Large Research Infrastructures in the Next 50 Years 2.1 Guideline for Making Roadmap 2.2 Development Goal 2.3 Guideline for Development 3. Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Energy 3.1 Particle Physics 3.2 Nuclear Physics 3.3. Nuclear Energy Applicaiton 4. Astronomy and Space Science 4.1 Astrophysical Problems of Black Holes and Other Compact Objects 4.2 Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Its Structures 4.3 Impact of the Sun and Solar System on the Earth and the Survival and Development of Human Society 4.4 Searching for Earth-like Exoplanets and Evidence of life Beyond the Earth 4.5 Global and Long-term Changes of the Earth 5. Multidisciplinary Research Platform 5.1 Large Advanced Light Source 5.2 Advanced Neutron Source 5.3 Experimental Platform of Extreme Physical Conditions 5.4 Ultra-scale Computing Infrastructure 5.5. The Integrated Research Platform for Imaging 5.6 Other Multidisciplinary Application Platforms 6. Life Science and Biotechnology 6.1 Rapid Progress in Sequencing Technology to Enable Life Sciences into a New Genomic Era 6.2 Proteomics to Become a New Focus for Life Sciences Research 6.3 Systems Biology to Create a Comprehensive Life Study 6.4 Development of Synthetic Biology will Create Artificial Life 6.5 Continuous Advancement in Micro-technology to Promote Exploration for Fine Cell Structure 6.6 Cognitive Science 6.7 Moecular Crop Design 6.8 The Development of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Needs a Big Science Platform 7. Resources, Environment and Ecology 7.1 Geography 7.2 Resources Science and Ecology 7.3 Environmental Science 7.4 Earth Science 7.5 Oceanography 8. High-tech and Others 8.1 Overview of High-tech 8.2 Relationship between High-tech and Large Scientific Facilities 8.3 Large Scientific Facility Roadmap in High-tech Field 9. Proposed Policies and Measures. 9.1 Intensify the Efforts to Make and Manage the Planning of National Infrastructures 9.2 Strengthen the Management of the Whole Life Cycle of Infrastructures 9.3 Establish the Management Norms Suitable for the Characteristics of Infrastructures References Epilogue