The Bonn Climate Conference, an annual event that occurs mid-way between the COPs that take place each November, was held between June 3-13. It was immediately followed by the G7 conference in Italy on June 13-15. Both provided an opportunity to gauge the state of global climate diplomacy and to identify the key issues that are going to dominate COP29 in Baku, starting on November 11.The Bonn conferences are not intended to deliver substantive results in their own right, with the discussions often being more procedural in nature and preparing the way for the more high-profile COP six months later. However, they do give a good indication of the main agenda items and the key topics that remain contentious.