This report provides parliamentarians with an analysis of how the relative ownership costs of ZEV and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, as well as the market provision of charging infrastructure, may need to adjust to meet the ZEV sales targets under the standard by 2030. There are several ways that market conditions could evolve to meet the 60 per cent ZEV market share by 2030 as required by the standard. These include faster changes in consumer preferences, unexpected technological advances, new policy measures and price adjustments by auto manufacturers.