This study provides an in-depth understanding of the landscape of energy poverty and subsequent indicators used at the European Union (EU) and Member State (MS) level. The aim of this study is to inform and improve how energy poverty policies are designed and implemented across the EU and at all levels of governance. First, we identified and mapped relevant data for energy poverty monitoring and measuring, analysed and evaluated the datasets and indicators against a number of criteria (availability, robustness, frequency, accuracy, policy relevance) and developed a prioritisation the data/indicators considered to be more useful. Second, the team examined the national context of every MS and how energy poverty is defined and reported, as well as if and how MS policies tackling the issue are informed by indicators and whether these are consistent with each other. Third, we assessed each MS’s ability to capture energy poverty based on the aforementioned analyses, to develop recommendations tailored to national specificities. Last, we conclude with recommendations in an effort to assist the European Commission to improve data collection and reporting of energy poverty at both EU and national level.