This report aims to answer that question for five technologies: three in the power sector (battery energy storage systems [BESSs], offshore wind, and solar photovoltaic [PV]); one in transport (electric vehicles [EVs]); and one in industrial technology (green hydrogen [GH2]). The report estimates the cost gap to achieve India's 2030 clean energy targets for each clean energy technology. The gap identifies by how much the cost of a specific clean technology must drop to reach cost parity with conventional technologies (such as thermal power and internal combustion engine vehicles) to meet the stated clean energy goals for each technology.